Grade 10 Mathematics

Welcome to the Grade 10 Mathematics portal — your complete study guide aligned to the CAPS curriculum. Grade 10 is where you build the fundamental tools used in every topic through to matric. Every section has deep explanations, worked examples, common mistakes, and exam strategies.

Paper 1 — Algebra & Functions (100 marks, 2 hours)

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Paper 2 — Geometry, Trigonometry & Statistics (100 marks, 2 hours)

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⚠️ Start Here: Fundamentals from Grades 7–9

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Grade 10 is the start of the FET phase, but it builds on everything you’ve learned since primary school. If any of these foundations feel shaky, fix them first — they cause the most lost marks:

• Fractions & Algebraic Fractions Toolkit — one shared fractions reference for all grades
• Integers & Number Sense — negative numbers, squares vs negatives, number types
• Basic Algebra — like terms, distributive law, substitution, solving simple equations
• Ratio & Proportion — sharing in a ratio, direct & inverse proportion, rates

� Go to Fundamentals section for full explanations, worked examples, and common mistakes for each skill.

By Term (CAPS Teaching Order)

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Term 1 — The Tool Building Phase

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1. Algebraic Expressions — Expansion, factoring, DOTS, trinomials, grouping
2. Exponents — Laws of exponents, simplifying, exponential equations
3. Number Patterns — Linear patterns, general term, solving for $n$
4. Equations & Inequalities — Linear, literal, simultaneous equations, inequalities

Term 2 — Geometry & Trigonometry

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1. Trigonometry — SOH CAH TOA, special angles, elevation/depression
2. Euclidean Geometry — Parallel lines, triangles, quadrilateral properties

Term 3 — Functions & Applications

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1. Functions — Linear, quadratic, hyperbola, exponential — sketching and reading graphs
2. Analytical Geometry — Distance, midpoint, gradient, parallel/perpendicular
3. Finance & Growth — Simple/compound interest, hire purchase, inflation

Term 4

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1. Statistics — Measures of central tendency, five-number summary, box plots
2. Probability — Basic probability, Venn diagrams, addition rule
3. Revision & Exam Preparation